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Authors
Llorca, Jaime
Royuela, Vicente https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7647-0063
Evans, Christopher
Diaz-Guilera, Albert
Ramos, Raul
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Article History
Received: 26 February 2024
Accepted: 20 January 2025
First Online: 3 April 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The questionnaires and their distribution among researchers were approved by the University of Barcelona’s Bioethics Commission (ordinary meeting on 23rd July 2021) and ratified by Trinity College Dublin’s Ethics Board, as well as by the Data Protection Offices of the other universities concerned (Utrecht University, Eötvös Loránd University, and University of Montpellier), in full compliance with the EU GDPR. The authors certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: The data were collected through online surveys conducted during August 2021 and October 2021. The surveys were accompanied by a comprehensive privacy statement that respondents were required to review and agree to before participation. Consent covered participation in the survey, data processing details (e.g., types of personal data, purposes of processing, and methods), and publication of results. Respondents were informed of their anonymity, the research objectives, the intended use of their data, and that participation posed no risks. Consent was obtained in writing through explicit agreement to the privacy statement provided online. The privacy statement, compliant with GDPR (Regulation (EU) 2016/679), outlined the responsibilities of the data controllers—the CHARM-EU consortium—and provided contact details for data protection officers. The study did not involve vulnerable individuals, minors, or any form of payment or incentivisation. Participants were assured that their data would not be shared with third parties outside the TORCH project and would only be retained until project completion or earlier, upon withdrawal of consent. The supplementary material includes the complete set of survey questions supporting this research.
