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Article History

Received: 13 January 2024

Accepted: 20 January 2025

First Online: 30 January 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: The Ethics Review Committee of China Agricultural University (CAU-ERC) granted an exemption from full ethics review (Reference: CAU-ERC-2015-127 issued on October 27, 2015), prior to the implementation of the “Measures for the Review of Science and Technology Ethics (Trial)” by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China on September 7, 2023. The exemption was granted since the research involved only survey-based data collection with documented informed consent from participants, without any direct physical interventions, human subject experiments, or animal testing, falling under the minimal risk category as defined by institutional guidelines. The research was conducted in accordance with CAU’s “Interim Measures for Biosafety Management of Microorganisms Laboratory” (2015), incorporating appropriate data protection measures and voluntary participation principles, while ensuring compliance with all relevant institutional and national research ethics guidelines in effect during the study period.

: All participants provided informed consent before participating in this study. The online survey began only after participants clicked the consent button, acknowledging they were informed that their anonymity would be protected and their data might be used for future research purposes.