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Article History

Received: 5 November 2024

Accepted: 21 January 2025

First Online: 13 February 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The EXEMPTITION from IRB review.The following information must be providedName of the approval body : IRB, Princess Nourah bin Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, KSA By ensuring informed consent from all participants, and protecting participants’ privacy and confidentiality Exemption number or ID : IRB log number: 24-0188 Date of exemption: March 28, 2021 Reasons for exemption: The IRB has determined that the proposed project poses no more than minimal risk to the participants.

: We collected data from employees of organizations operating in Saudi Arabia, on 30, June, 2024, through a survey questionnaire. To ensure the voluntary nature of participation, explicit emphasis on voluntariness was incorporated into the questionnaire’s introduction, thereby empowering each employee to decide on their involvement in the study.