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Identifying multilevel factors on student mathematics performance for Singapore, Korea, Finland, and Denmark in PISA 2022: considering individualistic versus collectivistic cultures

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04466-y

Published Online: 2025-02-07

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Niu, Jinpeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1804-3565
Xu, Hui

Yu, Jiangtao
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-02-07

Version of Record valid from 2025-02-07
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Article History

Received: 3 June 2024

Accepted: 23 January 2025

First Online: 7 February 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The ethical approval for all individual participants in each country/economy in PISA 2022 has been officially completed by the OECD.

: The informed consent for all individual participants in each country/economy in PISA 2022 has been officially completed by the OECD.

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