Document is current

Article History

Received: 27 June 2024

Accepted: 29 January 2025

First Online: 10 February 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The procedures used in this study adhere to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The corresponding author obtained permission to conduct the study. The research was carried out in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration guidelines and had been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Chongqing Jiaotong University (Approval number: cju20240601 Approval date: 2024-06-01).

: The survey was conducted upon informed consent previously gained from participants, who agreed to provide data for data analysis for this study. We informed each respondent of their rights and to safeguard their personal information. It should be noted that this study did not involve minors. Because this study adopted the online survey method, a brief informed consent statement was presented in the introduction of the online survey without providing an informed written consent form. The questionnaire had been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Chongqing Jiaotong University. Moreover, confidentiality and anonymity were assured, as this study did not collect identifying details such as names and email addresses.