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Article History

Received: 25 June 2024

Accepted: 6 February 2025

First Online: 11 March 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was approved by the Hunan Agricultural University Academic Research Ethics Committee on 28 December 2022 (approval number: LEN Review Section 2022223) and 23 June 2024 (approval number: LEN Review Section 2024170) respectively. There were two different ethical approval dates for this study due to the expansion of the study population in 2024 with the addition of an open-ended questionnaire for teachers, which required a new application to be submitted to the Hunan Agricultural University Academic Research Ethics Committee as required. The procedures used in this study were in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.

: Before the survey study began they were informed of the aims and objectives of the study and were guaranteed anonymity to ensure that all information collected was used for academic research only, that the study did not cause any physical, emotional or psychological problems for the participants, and that it did not involve any privacy risks or significant ethical issues. Prior to the start of the research study all participants were explicitly informed of their right to withdraw from the interview and survey at any time and at any stage without any repercussions. Before the interviews began (2023.01-06), all participants in the interviews were briefed on the procedures involved and the interviews were audio-recorded, with verbal consent obtained during the recording process. Before the open ended questionnaire (2024.06), all participants in the questionnaire were briefed about the procedures and signed an informed consent form.