Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 March 2024

Accepted: 11 February 2025

First Online: 23 October 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Organic Law 3/2018, of December 5, on the Protection of Personal Data and guarantee of digital rights (2018, Official State Gazette no. 294, of December 6). The study was endorsed from the management team of the participants’ school. Although the study did not involve human experiments, ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Autonomous Community of Aragon, Spain (reference RAT 2022-133; 30/11/2022).

: Although this study did not involve human experiments, informed consent was obtained from the participants’ parents, who agreed to their children’s participation and the use of their data for research purposes. Consent was collected in December 2022, following the provision of all relevant information about the study. The personal data collected will be used exclusively for this research, applying rigorous techniques to ensure anonymity, including the assignment of random codes to conceal personal identities throughout the research process.