Document is current

Article History

Received: 20 July 2024

Accepted: 24 February 2025

First Online: 18 March 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was conducted following the guidelines in the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and the Code of Conduct of the American Psychological Association. Prior to conducting research, a study proposal encompassing objectives, research methodology, and how participants would be chosen went through a thorough critical review process and was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Sadat City, Egypt. Approval was granted in August 2023, having approval number USC-2023-008.

: Before conducting the study, informed consent was sought from all the participants by Principal Investigator Hanan Eid Badwy of the University of Sadat City in Egypt. The participants were provided with clear information regarding the research purpose, research methods, risks and benefits, and their right to withdraw from the study at any point without any penalty. Consent was legally obtained on the 21st of August, 2023, prior to data collection. Such consent encompassed participation, data use, and sharing of findings, as well as assurances concerning confidentiality and exclusive research use. The Ethics Committee of the University of Sadat City assessed and cleared the process, hence upholding ethical principles. Since there were no vulnerable populations or children, obtaining additional guardian permission was not necessary. Also, no rewards or financial incentives were offered for taking part.