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Article History

Received: 27 May 2024

Accepted: 28 February 2025

First Online: 28 March 2025

Competing interests

: DP-J was a member of the Editorial Board of this journal at the time of acceptance for publication. The manuscript was assessed in line with the journal’s standard editorial processes, including its policy on competing interests.

: This study was supervised by the research ethics committee of the University of La Laguna (CEIBA) with registration number CEIBA2021-3101. This committee approved the study on 24 November 2021. This study is part of a more extensive study on the health of university students in Spain and Ecuador. This committee reported on the appropriateness of the procedure followed for the study. This study was conducted following the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Confidentiality and anonymity of the collected data were ensured to protect their privacy.

: All participants, who were university students of legal age and accepted voluntary participation, were informed about the study before responding to the questionnaire. This included clarifying that participation was voluntary and that they could withdraw without any consequences. Informed consent was obtained by requiring participants to mark a checkbox indicating their consent to participate at the beginning of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered between February and March 2023.