Article History
Received: 13 September 2024
Accepted: 11 March 2025
First Online: 20 March 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Concordia University Irvine, USA, granted an exemption for this research on March 26, 2020. Reason for exemption: There is no risk to the students, as the secondary data collected from school records will remain confidential, and no direct data will be collected.
: The institutional review board (IRB) at Concordia University Irvine, USA, waived informed consent for students, as the study was conducted by the teacher as part of regular coursework, and waived informed consent for teachers, as they were adults and not considered vulnerable subjects.