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Article History

Received: 23 May 2024

Accepted: 25 March 2025

First Online: 12 April 2025

Competing interests

: The authors report that there are no competing interests to declare.

: This research follows the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments and was approved on 5 January 2023, by the Academic Committee of the School of Political Science & Public Administration, Wuhan University.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants during 8–31 March 2023. Before the interviews, the researchers explicitly told participants the purpose of this study and the voluntary nature of their participation. They were also made aware that they had the freedom to withdraw from the study at any stage, without facing any negative consequences. The study respected the principles of anonymity and confidentiality.