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Article History

Received: 4 July 2024

Accepted: 18 March 2025

First Online: 7 April 2025

Ethical approval

: This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Monash University (Approval Number: 27668). Ethical approval was granted in August 2021. The approval covers the study’s online observation of publicly available content and semi-structured interviews with feminist content creators on Chinese social media platforms. Ethical considerations were implemented to ensure participant confidentiality and minimize potential risks.

: The author declares no competing interests.

: All participants provided informed consent before taking part in the study. Interviewees were informed about the research purpose, data handling procedures, and their right to withdraw at any time. Written or verbal consent was obtained based on participant preference to ensure privacy and confidentiality.