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Article History

Received: 23 February 2024

Accepted: 31 March 2025

First Online: 29 April 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan (ROC). All research procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and other relevant guidelines and regulations. The approval, granted on September 28, 2023, prior to the commencement of the research, encompassed all aspects of the study protocol, including participant recruitment, data collection, and data analysis. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, and all necessary measures were implemented to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of the collected data. Additionally, the IRB of National Cheng Kung University will continue to monitor the study’s progress and will conduct a post-study review upon its completion. Approval No. NCKU-HREC-112-623.

: Each participant provided written informed consent prior to their participation. Consent was obtained by the research team via a standardized consent form administered in person before the survey commenced. Participants were fully informed about the study titled “The impact of after-hours messaging on job stress and burnout among Taiwan’s border police: the roles of social support and coping strategies,” including its purpose, procedures, potential risks, benefits, and the measures implemented to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of the data. By signing the consent form, participants agreed to be interviewed and to have their responses, recordings, photographs, and tape recordings used legally for academic research and publication purposes. Although participants retain the intellectual property rights to their contributions, they grant the researcher the right to display their interview content on the study’s webpage and in academic publications. Informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to the commencement of the questionnaire survey, which was conducted from October 2 to October 20, 2023.