Document is current

Article History

Received: 3 July 2024

Accepted: 31 March 2025

First Online: 10 April 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines and regulations applicable to research involving human participants, including the Declaration of Helsinki. According to the Beijing Forestry University’s ethical review regulations, studies utilizing anonymous data that have been lawfully obtained and do not involve harm to participants, sensitive personal information, or commercial interests may be exempted from ethical review. This research qualifies for ethical review exemption based on the “Beijing Forestry University Human Research Ethics Review Committee Procedures”. The reasons for exemption are as follows: All research data were collected with consent from the relevant postdoctoral research institutions, ensuring that all parties were informed, with data access and usage agreed upon at each stage. The data used in this study have been fully anonymized and do not contain personally identifiable information, thus avoiding any harm to participants’ interests or rights. This research does not involve human biological samples, genetic modifications, reproductive cells, or any activities related to human embryo cloning. Since this study meets the exemption criteria specified in Beijing Forestry University’s ethical review regulations, an ethics approval number is not applicable.

: All participants in this study provided written informed consent before completing the questionnaire. The research team at Beijing Forestry University obtained consent during the survey period. Participants were fully informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of their participation, and their rights, including the right to withdraw at any time without consequences. The consent covered participation in the study, data usage for academic research, and publication of anonymized results. As this study involved a non-interventional questionnaire survey, all data were fully anonymized before analysis, ensuring that no personally identifiable information was collected or traceable. Participants were explicitly assured that their anonymity would be protected, and no risks were associated with participation. No vulnerable individuals, such as minors or patients, were involved, so no additional guardian consent was required. The study adhered to relevant ethical guidelines and regulations.