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Authors
Wang, Guangqiang
Li, Xiangyu
Hu, Yangbang
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Article History
Received: 2 November 2024
Accepted: 1 April 2025
First Online: 19 June 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures in this study adhered to the ethical standards and guidelines outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. An exemption was granted by the graduate office of the Department of Educational Management, East China Normal University, referencing the Chinese Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Human Beings (No. 2, Article 32: using anonymous information data for research). The exemption was granted on March 1, 2024, because the research did not involve human experimentation, would not cause harm, and did not include sensitive personal information or commercial interests.
: All participants consented to participate in this study.
