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Article History

Received: 6 September 2024

Accepted: 22 April 2025

First Online: 6 May 2025

Change Date: 8 July 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: In this article, placeholder text reading “(link concealed to ensure anonymity)” appeared in several sections, including references to preregistration and data availability. The original article has been corrected to include these links.

Competing Interests

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests related to this study. There were no financial, personal, or professional relationships that could be construed as influencing the research outcomes.

: This study utilized AI-generated text and publicly available datasets as its data sources. Since no human participants were recruited or involved in the research process, ethical approval was not required. All data used in this study complies with relevant ethical guidelines and standards for the use of publicly available information.

: As this study did not involve the recruitment of human participants, no informed consent forms were required. The research exclusively utilized AI-generated text and publicly available datasets, which do not necessitate consent.

: Artificial intelligence tools (specifically ChatGPT developed by OpenAI) were used to assist with grammar checking and proofreading during the preparation of this manuscript. No AI tools were used to generate content, design experiments, or interpret results. All substantive writing and analysis were conducted by the authors.