Document is current

Article History

Received: 11 August 2024

Accepted: 23 April 2025

First Online: 15 May 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: According to Article 3 of the “Working Rules of the Academic Ethics Committee of Renmin University of China” released in January 2021, Renmin University of China does not require ethics approval for this study as it only involved the collection of decision information from decision-makers rather than medical research, experimental research involving human subjects, gene editing or cloning. Our research posed minimal risk to participants, did not involve personal or sensitive data collection, ensured anonymized data processing, and did not include any interventional procedures.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants by Jia-He Zhou in May 2023 prior to their involvement in the study. All participants were thoroughly informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, the right to withdraw at any time without consequences, the use of data for academic research and publication purposes, and the anonymity of reporting results.