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Authors
Mekheimer, Mohamed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
STDF (N/A)
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Article History
Received: 1 November 2024
Accepted: 25 April 2025
First Online: 15 May 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study protocol was reviewed by the Beni Suef University - Faculty of Education Institutional Review Board (BSU-FoE-IRB). In accordance with the policy of the Supreme Council of Universities in Egypt (Article 25, dated 28/03/2023), which provides exemptions for non-interventional educational research involving standard educational practices and posing no more than minimal risk, the BSU-FoE-IRB confirmed that formal ethical approval was waived for this specific study on [27 October 2023]. The reference number associated with this confirmation is BSU-FoE-IRB-01-10-27-2023. All research activities were performed in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments, as well as relevant institutional and national guidelines/regulations.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study prior to their participation. Consent was secured by the researcher between (23rd October, 2023 and October 25th, 2023). Participants were provided with a detailed information sheet and consent form explaining the study’s purpose, procedures (including questionnaires and interviews), expected duration, potential benefits, the voluntary nature of participation, and their explicit right to withdraw at any stage without any penalty or negative consequences. Participants were fully informed that their anonymity and confidentiality would be strictly maintained through data anonymization and secure storage, how their data would be utilized solely for research purposes (including analysis and potential publication of anonymized findings or excerpts), and that there were no anticipated risks associated with participation beyond those encountered in everyday life. The obtained consent covered participation in the research activities and the use of their anonymized data for research analysis and publication.
