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Article History

Received: 21 May 2024

Accepted: 28 April 2025

First Online: 10 May 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study adhered to the National Research Foundation of Korea’s ethical guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki principles, ensuring compliance with ethical research standards. The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Korea national institute for bioethics policy. Ethical authorization to commerce the study was issued on April 04, 2023, with Ethics approval number: P01-202304-01-006. No vulnerable populations were involved, and all responses were collected anonymously.

: The data used in this paper comes from the survey, which is a large-scale, anonymous survey at the national level with the informed consent of every participant. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before their involvement in this study in April, 2023, during the survey period. Before completing the questionnaire, participants were provided with a detailed informed consent form outlining the purpose of the research, the voluntary nature of participation, the assurance of confidentiality and anonymity, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequences. Participants indicated their consent by selecting the option “I would like to take part in the study” before proceeding to the questionnaire. Only those who explicitly provided consent were allowed to participate. No personally identifiable information was collected, and all data was used solely for research purposes by ethical research guidelines.