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Authors
Zhang, Hui
Shen, Shangxian
Zheng, Linzi
Zhai, La
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (22BJY122)
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2024
Accepted: 29 April 2025
First Online: 9 May 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Scientific Ethics Committee of Guangzhou University (Date: 20 August 2023/No. 2483655-006).
: The authors obtained comprehensive informed consent from all participants in this study through a rigorous process that strictly adhered to research ethics requirements, covering participation in the research, data use, and publication of results. The research team primarily used formal written consent procedures during field research conducted from September 22 to November 24, 2023, in the natural villages of Xiaoshuidong, Tongluoping, Zhentouao, and Nanshanzu in Shimentai Village, Yingde City, Guangdong Province. Prior to participation, detailed information was provided regarding the study’s objectives, methodologies, potential risks, and expected benefits. All participants voluntarily enrolled after demonstrating clear understanding of the information. The consent procedures strictly followed ethical guidelines, ensuring participants’ rights including the freedom to withdraw at any time without consequences. The research team maintained their commitment to ethical research throughout the study.
