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Article History

Received: 1 April 2024

Accepted: 8 May 2025

First Online: 5 July 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The Paper received approval from the University of Okara’s Ethics Committee, comprising the Departmental Ethics Approval Committee (REBSSH/2023/5-10), on August 25, 2023, under the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration.

: All participants with an academic background with a minimum of 1 year of educational experience were involved in this research and obtained their informed consent orally on 09.11.2023. The committee decided that all the information would be oral. Before we began to obtain the participants’ consent, Participants were asked if they were invited to participate in a research study on the use of Social Media applications and Perceived Privacy. If you choose to participate, you must complete a short survey, which takes about 15 min. There are no known risks to participating, and your responses will be kept confidential. You can skip any questions you do not want to answer and stop anytime. Participation is completely voluntary and will not affect you in any way if you decide not to join. If you have any questions later, you can contact the Corresponding author of this research or the university’s ethics office. Other than that, we gave the questionnaires to the respondents, which are also attached to this research paper as an appendix. Furthermore, gathered data would be kept confidential, concerning the “Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) 2010,” as this study is mainly academic research.