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Article History

Received: 16 April 2024

Accepted: 8 May 2025

First Online: 12 June 2025

Ethics approval

: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Information and Business Management School at Dalian Neusoft University of Information. The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant ethical guidelines for research involving human participants. Approval was granted under Ethics approval number REC 2024-0111 on 13th January 2024. The approval covered the study’s questionnaire and research methodology involving human subjects.

: Written informed consent was formally obtained from all 12 expert participants between January 13 and 20, 2024. Preliminary information and study explanations were provided starting January 10 to facilitate scheduling.The principal investigator provided each expert with a consent form detailing the study’s purpose, data‐use and publication plans, and guarantees of anonymity and confidentiality. Experts returned signed forms via email or signed paper copies in person. No vulnerable individuals were involved, and participation posed no more than minimal risk.

: The authors declare no competing interests.