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Article History

Received: 30 December 2024

Accepted: 12 May 2025

First Online: 5 June 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Name of the approval body: Research Ethics Committee at Zayed University. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Research Ethics Committee at Zayed University and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Approval number or ID: (ZU19_46_F). Date of approval: May 13, 2019. Scope of approval: Participants were undergraduate students aged 18 and older at a public university in the UAE.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The participants were informed of the following: the purpose and nature of the study the procedures involved their right to withdraw at any time without penalty the confidentiality of their responses how their data would be stored, used, and protected (e.g., anonymized, stored securely, used only for research purposes) the potential risks and benefits of participating in the study contact information for the research team and ethics committee in case of any concerns. Consent was obtained in written form on September 10, 2019, and participants were provided with a copy of the consent form for their records.