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Authors
Yuan, Xianghua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Henan Science and Technology Department Project (212400410492)
Henan Provincial Education Department Project (2022YB0744)
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2024
Accepted: 19 May 2025
First Online: 12 July 2025
Competing interests
: The author declares no competing interests.
: This study is exempt in line with the Zhoukou Vocational and Technical College’s ethical guidelines. This study was conducted in compliance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable standards. Informed consent was obtained during the data collection period from March to May 2023, detailing the purpose, data use, and risks, emphasizing voluntary participation. This reflects our commitment to ethical standards, prioritizing participant rights and welfare. Since the study was exempt and any procedures requiring ethical approval by an institutional review board, no specific ethical approval number was assigned.
: The survey was conducted through an online platform named WJX from March to May 2023. Before initiating the data collection process, the authors provided all participants with written informed consent. All the participants were informed of the purpose of the research, their rights as participants, and the scope of their consent. All participants were willing to participate in this research and provided responses only for the purposes of academic research. The authors also ensured that all the responses would be confidential and only used for academic research purposes.
