Document is current

Article History

Received: 3 March 2024

Accepted: 19 May 2025

First Online: 27 May 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Central China Normal University (Approval No. CCNU-IRB-202303026A). All research was conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. The approval was granted on 10th Mar. 2023, and it covers all aspects of the research involving human participants. No modifications to the research protocol were made after the approval was obtained.

: Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of all participating children, as the children were between 60 and 78 months old before the experiment was conducted. Written informed consent was obtained from participants’ parents between March 15th and June 30th, 2023. Participants and their parents were fully informed about the nature of the study, their rights, and the handling of their personal data. All measures were taken to ensure the confidentiality and anonymity of the participants throughout the research process. These informed consents are not publicly available due to the privacy of children with ASD, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.