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Authors
Kong, Xinmei
Fang, Haiguang
Chen, Wenli
Xiao, Jianjun
Zhang, Muhua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Education Science Planning in China (DCA230461)
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Article History
Received: 26 September 2024
Accepted: 21 May 2025
First Online: 14 June 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Ethics Committee of Capital Normal University (Approval number: CNU-20230905; Date of approval: 5 September 2023). All research procedures followed the relevant institutional and national research committee ethical standards and guidelines.
: Before recording the classroom session, informed consent forms were distributed to the teacher, students, and their legal guardians, informing them of their rights and explaining the methods of video analysis. Informed consent was obtained from all participants from 28 September 2023 to 25 October 2023. Participants agreed to provide data for analysis in this study. The collected classroom video data was de-identified by the principal investigator. The dataset is strictly handled and stored by the authors. Furthermore, this study ensures confidentiality and anonymity, with no identifiable personal information being collected.
