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First Online: 9 June 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics Dongfang College (Approval Number: 2023-0830; Date of Approval: August 30, 2023). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: All participants completed the survey by clicking on the questionnaire link. Therefore, a clarification of informed consent was provided at the beginning of the questionnaire, stating that all data were used for academic research and did not include personal privacy and that participants could withdraw from completing the survey at any time. Participants clicked on the “Agree” button to complete the informed consent process. Informed consent was obtained from all participants between September 1, 2023 and December 30, 2023.