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Article History

Received: 3 October 2024

Accepted: 28 May 2025

First Online: 11 June 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study received ethical approval from the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of Al Ain University, United Arab Emirates (Approval No: COP/2023/24) on 7 January 2023. All procedures involving human participants were carried out in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees, and with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol, including data confidentiality, anonymity, and informed consent procedures, was thoroughly reviewed and approved prior to commencement of data collection.

: The cover page of the questionnaire clearly outlined the study’s objectives and assured participants of confidentiality. By voluntarily completing the survey, participants provided their informed consent. The online survey was administered between January 10 and January 31, 2023, and consent was obtained at the time of survey access through an online information sheet embedded on the first page of the questionnaire. Participants were informed that completion of the questionnaire indicated their agreement to participate, and that their responses would remain anonymous and confidential, to be used solely for research and publication in aggregated form.