Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Wei, Na
Liang, Yikai
Wang, Haiqing
Liu, Mengqing
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Traditional Culture and Social Economic and Social Development Project (21C1209280001)
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2023MG077, ZR2023MG077)
Shandong Provincial Social Science Fund of China (23CGLJ22, 23CGLJ22)
National Social Science Fund of China (24FGLB117, 24FGLB117)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 7 November 2024
Accepted: 29 May 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study received ethics approval from the Research Review Committee of the School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics (Approval No. SDUFE-2023-010) on September 12, 2023. The research was conducted in strict accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent amendments or similar ethical standards. All procedures involving human participants adhered to the institutional and national ethical standards for research.
: All participants were provided with comprehensive information before participating in this study to ensure that they could make an informed decision. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, procedures, potential risks and benefits, confidentiality measures, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequences. Participation was entirely voluntary, and no personally identifiable information was collected. All data were anonymized and analysed in aggregate form to ensure participant privacy. Informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to the commencement of the questionnaire survey, which was conducted from November 1 to 5, 2023.
