Xu, Bo
Sun, Rengui
Xi, Cunhu
Wang, Zhaoping
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Social Science Fund of China (21BJY086, 21BJY086, 21BJY086, 21BJY086)
Article History
Received: 17 November 2024
Accepted: 29 May 2025
First Online: 23 June 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The research utilized existing, second-hand data acquired from various organizations, such as the National Bureau of Statistics of China and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research, among others; no direct data collection from human participants was conducted. Furthermore, our team had no direct contact with any participants, and we did not handle any personally identifying or sensitive information. Therefore, the study did not involve direct interaction with human participants, and there is no need to obtain additional ethical approval or informed consent from participants.
: This article does not contain any studies involving human participants performed by any of the authors.