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Article History

Received: 18 April 2024

Accepted: 29 May 2025

First Online: 13 June 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Business and Economics at the University of Debrecen (Date: 04/01/2023, No. GTK-KB 003-01/2023). The approval covered all procedures involving human participants in this research. As data collection took place in Mongolia, ethical approval was obtained from an approval body located in Hungary, as part of the research conducted at the University of Debrecen.

: Informed consent was obtained from all respondents in written form on the same day as the survey collection (February 13–14, 2023) at performances held by the Mongolian State Philharmonic Theatre and the National Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet. Before participation, all respondents were fully informed about the nature and purpose of the research. They received clear explanations regarding the study’s objectives, procedures, data usage, confidentiality measures, and their rights as participants. Each participant provided written consent before completing the survey, confirming their voluntary participation and understanding of the study. The survey was completed anonymously and voluntarily, and respondents were assured they could withdraw without any consequences.