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Article History

Received: 7 June 2024

Accepted: 29 May 2025

First Online: 6 June 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The research was approved on August 22nd, 2022 by the research ethics committee of the Zhejiang Normal University. The approval number associated with this confirmation is ZSRT2022066. All research activities were performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study prior to their participation. Consent was secured by the researcher between March 28, 2023, and June 1, 2023. All participants were thoroughly informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, the right to withdraw at any stage without any penalty or negative consequences, the use of data for academic research and publication purposes, and the anonymity of reporting results.