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Authors
Abu Issa, Hamzeh
Al wreikat, Naji
Al-billeh, Tareq
Alhasan, Tariq
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Article History
Received: 23 November 2024
Accepted: 30 May 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study did not involve human participants, identifiable human data, or animals, and was based solely on publicly available legal texts and judicial decisions. All procedures were performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable. No human subjects were recruited, and no personal data were collected, so informed consent was not required.
