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Article History

Received: 1 October 2024

Accepted: 30 May 2025

First Online: 23 June 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Islamia University of Bahawalpur’s Departmental Research Committee (DRC) approved this study. The approval number is No. 180/DRC, dated February 08, 2024.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants before they began the survey. The survey was conducted from March 3, 2024 to March 28, 2024 using the online invitations via email, which included an electronic informed consent page. Participants were informed of the study’s purpose, the scope of data usage, the confidentiality and anonymity of the information offered, and the voluntary of their participation. Therefore, the data for this study was obtained with the consent of the participants. Specifically, participants were assured that their anonymity and confidentiality would be strictly protected, with no personally identifiable information collected. At the same time, we informed all participants that their responses would be used solely for academic purposes, and that the dataset would be strictly handled and stored by the authors, without any risk involved. Participants were fully informed that participation was entirely voluntary. The consent covered participation in the study, use of collected data for research purposes. Furthermore, this study did not recruit any vulnerable individuals or minors.