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Authors
Cabrera, Carmella Andrea L.
Ong, Ardvin Kester S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9284-9826
Diaz, John Francis T.
Cahigas, Maela Madel L.
Gumasing, Ma. Janice J.
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Article History
Received: 2 July 2024
Accepted: 2 June 2025
First Online: 14 June 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Mapua University Research Ethics Committees (FM-RC-22-01-01), following proper relevant guidelines curated by the university and the ethical standard of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration. The data entails no traceable information among respondents and was kept in a secure database. This was approved by Dr. Josephine D. German (committee member) and Dr. Michael N. Young (committee head) on March 20, 2023.
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects through written form, involved in this study (FM-RC-22-02-01) during the data collection process from March 27, 2023—August 2023. In accordance, a confirmation question of approval among respondents were collected as the first question in the online questionnaire to ensure approval. Participants were assured that traceable information would not be collected, response would be anonymous, and their data privacy will be secured.
