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Article History

Received: 28 September 2024

Accepted: 2 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Ethical approval was obtained from the Fırat University Ethical Review Board (Approval No: E-39345886-044-442643) on February 14, 2024. The approval covered all procedures involving participant recruitment, data collection, and analysis.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants between February 20 and March 5, 2024, prior to data collection using a signed consent form. Participants were fully informed of the study’s objectives, procedures, voluntary nature, potential risks, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. The consent covered participation, data use, and publication of anonymized findings. Participants were also informed of how their data would be stored and used solely for research purposes. No vulnerable populations were involved, and no identifiable personal data, images, or biometric information were collected. All data were anonymized to ensure confidentiality and privacy.