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Article History

Received: 18 November 2024

Accepted: 10 June 2025

First Online: 18 June 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the [Name of the Ethical Review Board/Institutional Review Board], which is responsible for reviewing research involving human participants in Türkiye. The details are as follows: • Name of the Approval Body: Fırat University, Social and Human Sciences, Research Ethics Committee • Approval Number: [20.06.2023-16911] • Date of Approval: [20.06.2023]• Scope of Approval: The study was approved for the online collection of data from human participants aged 18 years and older, focusing on the psychological impact of the Kahramanmaraş earthquake. • Confirmation: All research procedures adhered to the ethical guidelines and relevant regulations for research involving human participants, including maintaining confidentiality and minimizing participant distress. If additional documentation or clarification is required, I am happy to provide it upon request.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study. The details are as follows: • Method of Consent: Informed consent was obtained online via a digital consent form included in the survey tool. When and By Whom: Consent was obtained at the time of survey completion in February 2024, facilitated through the online data collection platform. • Scope of Consent: Participants were explicitly informed about: ∘ The purpose of the study and the voluntary nature of their participation. ∘ The anonymity and confidentiality of their responses. ∘ How the data would be utilized exclusively for research purposes. • Special Considerations ∘ The study only included participants aged 18 years and older; therefore, no additional parental or legal guardian consent was required. ∘ The online survey platform ensured secure data handling, and participants were provided with contact information for further inquiries or support if needed. • Confidentiality: Participants were assured of their anonymity, and no identifiable personal information was collected or disclosed. • Compensation or Incentives: No monetary or material incentives were provided for participation. If further information or documentation is required, I will provide it promptly.