Updates are available Correction dated 2025-09-17

Article History

Received: 10 December 2024

Accepted: 17 June 2025

First Online: 8 July 2025

Change Date: 17 September 2025

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05890-w

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Approval for this study was obtained from the ethics committee of the University of Northumbria on 13th November 2018 (Reference Number: 11212). The procedures in the study are in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Written informed consent was obtained from the Headteachers acting in loco parentis for the children in their school (Obtained between December 2018 to March 2019) and included the completion of one survey per year for the duration of the project, and publication of anonymized data in evaluation and research reports. All parents/legal guardians were provided with written information about the outreach project and research study and why it was taking place. This information included reference to the relevant GDPR regulations, and explained that any data would be anonymized in any publications related to the research. After reading this information parents/legal guardians were given the option to opt their child out of the research aspects of the project. Opting out of the research aspects of the project did not prevent children from taking part in the other project activities which were included as part of the school day. During data collection by the research team, assent was sought from the children taking part, and those who did not wish to take part were not asked to complete the survey.