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Article History

Received: 9 August 2024

Accepted: 20 June 2025

First Online: 10 July 2025

Change Date: 18 August 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: In this article the contract number "SUMMIT BG-RRP-2.004-0008-C01" relating to "National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria" was omitted.

Competing interests

: The author(s) declare no competing interests.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Ethical approval was granted directly by the Secretary General of the Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy on 22 September 2021, which served as the responsible approval authority. The approval covers all procedures related to the study’s design, data collection, and participant interaction.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The consent process took place during the entire period of the online volunteer application for the FIFA World Cup Qatar™, between March 21 and October 1, 2022, which served as the study’s recruitment phase. The participants were also made aware of what kind of (personal) data will be processed, how it will be used and for what purpose, using the following statement: “Your personal information will be deleted immediately upon the study completion, in line with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The software used to collect your responses (Qualtrics) is GDPR compliant and follows the strictest standards of data protection. We are not tracking your IP Address or any other personal information”.