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Article History

Received: 18 August 2024

Accepted: 20 June 2025

First Online: 14 July 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Bengbu Medical University, on March 5, 2015 ([2015]No.003). All procedures used in the study involving human participants followed institutional and/or National Research Council ethical standards.

: In June 2023, written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Comprehensive consent forms were administered to all participants, detailing the study’s objectives, the voluntary nature of participation, data access and confidentiality protocols, participant rights concerning their data, and relevant contact information. Participants were explicitly informed that their involvement was entirely voluntary and that they retained the right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequence. All data were handled confidentially and utilized strictly within the parameters delineated in the consent documentation.