Document is current

Article History

Received: 6 December 2024

Accepted: 20 June 2025

First Online: 22 July 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study does involve human data. The explanation for not being legally bounded to have an ethical approval is that we collected only from open repositories. According to national and EU legislation, and common practice and regulations about this type of data, no ethics approval/informed consent is required. This includes no requirement to seek committee approval before collecting data.

: There is no obligation to inform people that we would have collected their data because such data are publicly avaiable. Data about academic personnel in Italy (name, last name, sex, rank, affiliation) are subject to full disclosure. Hence, for this specific study there is no obligation to inform persons in question that we were collecting their names for scientific purposes.