Document is current

Article History

Received: 2 December 2024

Accepted: 20 June 2025

First Online: 4 July 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study involved human participants and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant national and international regulations. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Çukurova University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee (Approval Number: E.983226) on April 18, 2024. The approval covered all aspects of the study protocol, including participant recruitment, informed consent procedures, and data confidentiality measures. All research activities commenced only after receiving this formal ethical approval and the necessary institutional permissions.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardians before their participation in May 2024. Participants were fully informed about the purpose of the study, the procedures involved, the confidentiality of their data, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any penalty. Consent included agreement for participation, use of data, and anonymized publication of the findings.