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Article History

Received: 26 January 2024

Accepted: 23 June 2025

First Online: 16 July 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Medical College of Wisconsin IRB office (Amendment AME00023576, approved March 27th, 2021).

: Informed consent was obtained via email from legal guardians by school administrators. Guardians consented for participation, data use, and publication. Informed assent was obtained via online quiz submission from third-grade students by student-instructors. Consent and assent for the school year program was obtained prior to the data collection period in April 2021. Consent and assent for the summer program was obtained prior to the data collection period in May and June 2021. The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of all included findings. All participants were informed their anonymity was ensured, their risks of participation, and how their data would be utilized.