Article History
Received: 13 April 2024
Accepted: 26 June 2025
First Online: 9 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All procedures conducted in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Research protocol and materials of the study were approved by the Institutional Review Board of School of Education at Shanghai International Studies University (SISUGJ2024010) on 9/25/2023.
: Written informed consent for participation, data use for research purposes and publication was obtained from all participants by the researcher at the beginning of the experiment, between October 10 and December 20, 2023. All participants were fully informed about the research purpose, data utilization, potential risks, and assured of complete anonymity throughout the study.