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Article History

Received: 10 July 2024

Accepted: 26 June 2025

First Online: 7 July 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mianyang College of Administration (Grant Number: MY23010) on April 1, 2023. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The scope of the approval covered all aspects of the study, including participant recruitment, data collection, and data analysis.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The date of the data collection is after receiving ethics approval, which is from May 1, 2023 to November 1, 2023. All participants were fully informed that their anonymity would be assured, and that the research aimed to investigate their misinformation sharing, fear of missing out, and rumination in social media use processes, and that their data would be used for academic research purposes only. They were also informed that participation was voluntary and they could withdraw at any time without consequences.