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Article History

Received: 17 June 2024

Accepted: 1 July 2025

First Online: 29 September 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The survey questionnaire and methodology were examined, approved, and endorsed by the doctoral committee of the Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India, on 3 July 2024. The procedures used in this study adhere to the ethical standards set out in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in the study in August 2024. Participants were required to complete an online informed consent process. During this process, participants were clearly informed about the following key aspects: (i) confidentiality, wherein personal information provided by the participants would remain confidential and would not be published or disclosed, and (ii) use of data, wherein the data collected from the participants would be exclusively used for academic research purposes and not for any commercial activities. In order to continue to participate in the study, participants had to carefully read the instructions at the beginning and click the “agree and continue” button before formally filling out the questionnaire, an action that amounted to their agreeing to participate and allowing them to fill out the questionnaire.