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Authors
Wang, Qianling
Gui, Li
Meng, Qianyue
Wang, Huichuan
Hu, Jingwen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China (17JJD790017, 17JJD790017, 17JJD790017, 17JJD790017)
Social Sciences Fund of the Education Departmentof Hubei Province (23G058)
the Education Science Planning Fund of Hubei Province (2023GB213)
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Article History
Received: 20 January 2025
Accepted: 2 July 2025
First Online: 16 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This article did not require additional ethical approval because it relies entirely on secondary data collected by the Family Farm Research Group at the Center for Economic Development Studies, Wuhan University, under the direct oversight of the School of Economics and Management. The original survey protocol was reviewed and approved by the School in accordance with institutional regulations and the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. The original data collection process ensured that participants’ confidentiality and privacy were protected, with all personal information anonymized before data access.
