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Article History

Received: 6 January 2025

Accepted: 2 July 2025

First Online: 15 July 2025

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The research procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report 1979, the Declaration of Helsinki 2013, the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) Guidelines 2016, the Standards of the Research Ethics Committee (SREC) 2017, and the National Policy and Guidelines for Human Research 2015. This study was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee for Research Involving Human Research Participants, Group I, Chulalongkorn University, as evidenced by Certificate of Approval No. 206/67, dated 23 September 2024.

: Informed consent for study participation and publication of aggregated findings in academic journals was obtained from all participants via an online questionnaire. Respondents indicated their voluntary participation by clicking ‘agree’ to provide informed consent on the specific date they took part in the study, which was conducted from late September to November 2024. A Participant Information Sheet was provided alongside the questionnaire, detailing the study’s purpose, scope, and data usage. To ensure participant anonymity, no personal identifiers were collected.