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Article History

Received: 19 May 2025

Accepted: 2 July 2025

First Online: 29 July 2025

Competing interests

: The author declares no competing interests.

: This article involves a secondary analysis of previously conducted studies by the author, including two studies with human participants. For the first study, approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Ankara University prior to fieldwork commenced on 15th March 2017. For the second study, approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Istanbul Aydın University prior to fieldwork commenced on 1st June 2021. All procedures in this study were in accordance with the institutional research guidelines and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants for the first study. Oral informed consent was obtained from all participants for the second study. The consent process informed participants about the purpose of the research, how their data would be collected, used, and protected, that their participation was voluntary and they could withdraw at any time and that their anonymity would be protected and maintained in publications. All participants were adults capable of providing consent, and no vulnerable populations were involved in this study.