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Authors
Fitzsimons, Sabrina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8388-5937
Smith, David S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8997-575X
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2024
Accepted: 10 July 2025
First Online: 30 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research was conducted with ethical approval from the Dissertation Review Panel, School of Applied Social Studies at Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland (12/12/23) and the Faculty Ethics Review Panel for the Institute of Education at Dublin City University, Ireland (15/12/23). To preserve anonymity, this paper does not include demographic information (such as gender, ITE sector, role, etc.) in the presentation of survey and interview quotes.
: Following ethics approval, data collection took place between January and May 2024. All participants received a plain language statement outlining the purpose and scope of the research before taking part in the survey or interviews. Informed consent was obtained online for the survey. Informed consent was obtained either online or in person for the interviews. Following participation in the survey and/or interview, participants were provided with debriefing material.
